This case demonstrates the challenges when different stakeholders and their (dis)incentives interact. The incentives of local people (even in considering their possible environmental losses) may not enable peatland restoration in Indonesia. However, global environmental losses due to the degradation of peatlands are substantial. Hence, there is a need for global action considering that it would be difficult for a country like Indonesia to bear the full costs of mitigative actions. This is especially so when the preservation of peatland yields only a smaller part of the benefits to, and the cost (including the opportunity cost) of conservation is substantially higher for, the people of Indonesia.