The Washington Agreement
摘要
This chapter analyzes the 2020 Washington Agreement, a US-brokered economic normalization initiative that temporarily sidelined the EU-led dialogue. By applying ripeness, readiness, and spoiler theories, the chapter argues that the agreement resulted from an “artificially ripened” moment engineered by the Trump administration rather than a genuine mutually hurting stalemate. The agreement, structured as separate unilateral declarations to the US rather than a bilateral treaty, prioritized transactional economic commitments over resolving the core political dispute. The analysis highlights how the deal relied on coerced, asymmetrical readiness and lacked the interpersonal trust necessary for implementation. Its swift collapse is attributed to the withdrawal of the Trump administration as its primary international custodian and the rise of the Kurti government in Kosovo, which acted as a spoiler. Ultimately, the initiative failed to deliver sustainable normalization, leaving the mutual recognition between Kosovo and Israel as its sole legacy.