This book examines the evolution, controversies, and procedural aspects of the EU’s Geographical Indications (GIs) scheme, a cornerstone of the Common Agricultural Policy and the internal market. Through a consistent analysis of landmark case law—from Feta and Prosciutto to Rioja II and Schwarzwälder Schinken—it explores how GIs have become a solid component of the EU’s Policies, shaping agriculture, trade, intellectual property, and sustainability agendas. The chapters scrutinise the legal foundations of GI protection, including the registration process, exclusivity of EU titles, and the role of Member States and the Commission in protecting them, while addressing challenges such as national court reviews, infringement measures, and the impact of the Digital Services Act on online enforcement. A critical focus is placed on the balance between origin, specificity, and the threat of genericity, with judgments like Grana Padano and Aceto Balsamico di Modena, and illustrating the backbone of the expansive protection against misuse, evocation, and misleading practices with judgments like Scotch Whisky, Manchego, Morbier and Champanillo. The book further analyses labelling rules, Union symbols, and the intersection of GIs with trade marks, drawing on cases such as Nero Champagne. Champagner sorbet and Weingut cases serve as example of the relevance of the enforcement of the GIs as any other intellectual property right. By fusing judicial interpretations, procedural hurdles, and enforcement mechanisms, this work provides professionals—whether legal practitioners, policymakers, or industry stakeholders—with a rigorous, case-law-driven guide to navigating the complexities of GI protection in the EU’s dynamic regulatory landscape.