Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by rapid proliferation and high tumor burden. However, its metabolic behavior on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18F]-FDG PET/CT) remains yet unclear. Moreover, there is currently no consensus on standardized imaging criteria for assessing treatment response or for predicting clinical outcomes in BL patients using PET/CT. This lack of uniformity poses challenges in the interpretation of metabolic imaging and in its integration into therapeutic decision-making. In this chapter we resumed the main evidence published in the literature. Based on our analysis, Burkitt lymphoma (BL) can be classified as an 18F-FDG-avid histological subtype of lymphoma, demonstrating consistently high uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose. [18F]-FDG PET/CT may be considered the most effective imaging tool for the staging of patients with BL, offering precise evaluation of disease extent and metabolic activity better than conventional imaging studies. Concerning treatment response evaluation and prognosis, both qualitative analysis (Deauville scores) and several semiquantitative PET-derived parameters showed to have potential usefulness in assessing treatment response and predicting patient outcomes, but the current evidence remains limited and lacks robust validation. Therefore, further research is warranted to establish standardized imaging criteria and confirm the prognostic value of [18F]-FDG PET/CT.