This chapter explores the intricate relationship between bioethics and armed conflicts, an area not initially central to bioethics’ foundational concerns. It traces the historical development of medical care in warfare, from exclusive attention to one’s soldiers to the eventual, albeit often challenged, inclusion of wounded enemies and civilians. This chapter highlights pioneering figures such as Jean Dominique Larrey, who introduced ambulances and advocated for indiscriminate medical attention on the battlefield. It delves into the inherent tension between medical ethics, which prioritizes beneficence and respect for people, and the ethics of war, which frequently subordinates these principles to military necessity. Specific bioethical dilemmas are examined, including the diminished autonomy of soldiers, informed consent, confidentiality in military settings, and the controversial concept of the “right to die” in combat. This chapter also addresses the issue of genocide, defining its historical recognition in international law while lamenting its continued occurrence despite international conventions. Ultimately, this chapter emphasizes the importance of promoting human dignity and human rights, particularly for vulnerable populations, and advocates integrating bioethical principles into education and political decision-making to mitigate the atrocities of armed conflicts.