Esports and Emotion Regulation: The Role of the Individual Zone of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) Model
摘要
Esports is a modern sporting discipline that places significant demands on players, pushing them to the limits of their capabilities. Like athletes in other sports, esports players must develop strategies to cope with various performance pressures. This study examines how esports players can optimally regulate their emotions using the Individual Zone of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) methodology, developed by Hanin. IZOF offers a tailored approach of managing emotions with identifying optimal and dysfunctional emotional states. Apart from generic methods, IZOF emphasizes individual variability, categorizing emotions into four types: Negative (Unpleasant)—Dysfunctional (N–), Negative (Unpleasant)—Functional (N + ), Positive (Pleasant)—Functional (P + ), and Positive (Pleasant)—Dysfunctional (P–). Athletes assess their emotions using the Emotional State Profile (ESP) and other designated emotion lists, ranking their experiences across three phases: pre-, during-, and post-competition. Studies show experienced players regulate emotions more effectively, while team dynamics and gender differences (e.g., anger in males, neutrality in females) potentially influence strategies. Future research should refine esports specific tools, addressing unique challenges like virtual environments and team emotion regulation. By integrating IZOF, psychologists can enhance both individual resilience and team cohesion, fostering healthier, high-performing esports athletes.