Orthodontic treatment planning is an inherently complex process that requires the synthesis of diagnostic data with extensive background knowledge and clinical experience. The reliance on individual judgment, however, can lead to considerable variability in orthodontic treatment strategies among practitioners, often dependent on their level of expertise. An incorrect plan can introduce numerous complications, potentially leading to undesirable outcomes or incomplete treatment. In this clinical context, artificial intelligence (AI) tools have emerged as powerful technologies poised to enhance diagnostic consistency and serve as valuable decision-support tools. By learning from large datasets of expert-level decisions, AI systems have potential to help to standardize care and support less experienced practitioners. The objective of this chapter is to systematically describe and evaluate the application of AI tools across important clinical situations related to orthodontic treatment planning.