Plants have the potential to uptake the nanoparticles (NPs) through roots or leaves. These nanoparticles can have a beneficial or detrimental effect on plants. Studies report that NPs can influence the physiological activities of the plants. They can improve the plant growth, nutritional uptake with improved crop yield. On the other hand, NPs can impose oxidative stress in plants and hinder their growth and photosynthesis. Nanoparticles are adsorbed and accumulated in plants; their specific effect depends on the type of NPs, their concentration, size, shape, environmental conditions, and plant species. Research towards a better understanding of nanoparticles impact on plants is required to optimise the conditions for its beneficial application of NPs in precision agriculture and to minimise their adverse effects on plants. Nano fertilizers and nano pesticides are widely used to mitigate the ill effects of chemicals used in the agricultural fields. Nanoparticles also serve as potential carriers of nutrients and their persistent release to improve their growth, metabolites, and crop yield. These NPs can also improve their immunity against pathogens as they boost the antioxidant properties, which play a significant role in plant immunity. This chapter focuses on the mechanism of nanoparticle uptake, translocation, and their effect on plants. This chapter also emphasises channelizing nanotechnology in agricultural science.