Human understanding of Mars has evolved from early speculation of a life-supporting world to recognition of a cold, arid, and complex planetary environment. Initial flyby missions provided limited data, reinforcing misconceptions of a geologically inactive surface due to technological constraints. The introduction of orbiters and landers, including the Viking program, revealed evidence of past volcanic, fluvial, and climatic activity. Advances in remote sensing, high-resolution imaging, and AI-driven data analysis have since enabled detailed reconstruction of Mars’ geological and climatic history. These observations show a transition from a warmer, wetter early Mars to the cold, dry planet observed today, while confirming ongoing surface activity. Future efforts, such as sample return missions and potential human exploration, aim to resolve key questions about Mars’ evolution and its capacity to support life.