Anesthetic considerations are essential for ensuring patient safety and achieving optimal surgical outcomes. This chapter examines the complexities of anesthetic management during kidney transplantation surgery, focusing on key factors such as patient history, comorbidities, and changes in patients with end-stage renal disease. A comprehensive preoperative assessment is vital for identifying potential complications and tailoring anesthetic plans to individual needs. The importance of intraoperative monitoring techniques is highlighted, as they enable real-time detection of adverse events and adjustments in anesthetic depth. Postoperative care strategies are discussed, emphasizing pain management and minimizing complications to enhance patient outcomes and comfort. By providing a concise review of these principles, this chapter promotes best practices in the perioperative period and contributes to improved patient outcomes.