Water pollution is among the severe problems in India and has negatively impacted the public health, environment, and development in India. This chapter provides an evaluation of the current policy for water pollution control in India and an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the policy. This chapter possesses a perspective about the failures of these present policies, which have occurred due to institutional and enforcement-related weaknesses. It also touches upon the various policy measures taken at national and international levels that are successfully implemented and could serve as best practices for quality improvement of water in India. These case studies include India’s Yamuna and Ganga Action Plans and the NEWater of Singapore. Based on the analysis, the chapter offers strategic recommendations on what to do to strengthen the regulatory frameworks, improve technology and infrastructure, and support community-based water management systems both in the short and long term, thereby ensuring efficient and long-term protection of water from being contaminated. The discussions in the chapter were supported with new data and statistics that strengthen the need for policy changes and continuous monitoring to avoid water contamination. Improvements brought about are economic, environmental, and for health benefits; thus, all involved, including the government, investors, and the public, would have to work together to have cleaner and safer water resources in India.