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Manganese nanoparticles (Mn NPs) have recently attracted significant attention due to their exceptional properties and potential applications in boosting plant stress resistance, stimulating enzyme activity, and protecting against oxidative damage and pathogens. In plant physiology, manganese is an essential micronutrient that plays a crucial role in activating enzymes involved in various biological functions, especially in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Manganese acts as a cofactor for enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), helping to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can cause oxidative stress during environmental challenges such as drought, salinity, heat, and cold. This chapter offers a detailed review of Mn NPs, including their synthesis methods, unique features, and applications in agriculture and biotechnology. Mn NPs have been shown to significantly enhance the activity of vital antioxidant enzymes, decrease oxidative damage, and boost stress tolerance in plants. These nanoparticles are vital in reducing oxidative stress by activating defense enzymes and limiting ROS formation, which is essential for plant survival under abiotic stress conditions. The chapter also examines how Mn NPs alleviate abiotic stress through mechanisms such as improving water retention, osmotic regulation, and nutrient absorption during drought and salinity stress. Furthermore, Mn NPs support the production of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and strengthen temperature stress resilience. Besides abiotic stress mitigation, Mn NPs demonstrate biotic stress resistance properties, including antimicrobial and antifungal effects, and they enhance pathogen resistance in plants. Mn NPs also activate plant immune responses, triggering defense mechanisms that help plants fend off pest attacks. The chapter discusses the synergistic effects of Mn NPs combined with other nanoparticles, such as zinc and copper, which together promote plant growth, stress tolerance, and photosynthesis efficiency. The potential of Mn NPs as a sustainable strategy for crop protection and growth enhancement amidst environmental challenges is also highlighted.

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Manganese Nanoparticles in Enzyme Activation and Defense Against Pathogens/Oxidative Stress

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Ayesha Imran,
  • Hamza Iftikhar,
  • Zeeshan Khan,
  • Asma Gulzada,
  • Shah Rukh Khan,
  • Hafiz Imran Fakhar,
  • Zahid Hussain

摘要

Manganese nanoparticles (Mn NPs) have recently attracted significant attention due to their exceptional properties and potential applications in boosting plant stress resistance, stimulating enzyme activity, and protecting against oxidative damage and pathogens. In plant physiology, manganese is an essential micronutrient that plays a crucial role in activating enzymes involved in various biological functions, especially in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Manganese acts as a cofactor for enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), helping to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can cause oxidative stress during environmental challenges such as drought, salinity, heat, and cold. This chapter offers a detailed review of Mn NPs, including their synthesis methods, unique features, and applications in agriculture and biotechnology. Mn NPs have been shown to significantly enhance the activity of vital antioxidant enzymes, decrease oxidative damage, and boost stress tolerance in plants. These nanoparticles are vital in reducing oxidative stress by activating defense enzymes and limiting ROS formation, which is essential for plant survival under abiotic stress conditions. The chapter also examines how Mn NPs alleviate abiotic stress through mechanisms such as improving water retention, osmotic regulation, and nutrient absorption during drought and salinity stress. Furthermore, Mn NPs support the production of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and strengthen temperature stress resilience. Besides abiotic stress mitigation, Mn NPs demonstrate biotic stress resistance properties, including antimicrobial and antifungal effects, and they enhance pathogen resistance in plants. Mn NPs also activate plant immune responses, triggering defense mechanisms that help plants fend off pest attacks. The chapter discusses the synergistic effects of Mn NPs combined with other nanoparticles, such as zinc and copper, which together promote plant growth, stress tolerance, and photosynthesis efficiency. The potential of Mn NPs as a sustainable strategy for crop protection and growth enhancement amidst environmental challenges is also highlighted.