Guardians of the scientific image tend to take a reductionist attitude towards the phenomena that constitute the manifest image. In contrast, guardians of the manifest image often defend their anti-reductive view by saying that reality consists of things at different levels and what happens at higher levels is not explainable in terms of what happens at lower levels. The suggestion of emergence seems to require that our categorization of the various levels is objective in the sense that each system possesses some novel properties and obeys some laws of nature which are unique for this level, and which cannot be accounted for by a complete knowledge of its components. However, I reject emergentism but accept that larger and more complex systems have properties which we do not find among their elements. Instead, I argue that these novel properties are extrinsic, caused by the environment in which the systems are embedded. So where emergentists take emergent properties to be intrinsic, I think of the same properties as neither emergent nor intrinsic. For analytic purposes we divide reality into isolated entities, whereby we forget that all things hang together and interact with everything else. Therefore, we need both endogenous and exogenous explanations to reach a common understanding of humans and their conception of reality.

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Endogenous and Exogenous Explanations

  • Jan Faye

摘要

Guardians of the scientific image tend to take a reductionist attitude towards the phenomena that constitute the manifest image. In contrast, guardians of the manifest image often defend their anti-reductive view by saying that reality consists of things at different levels and what happens at higher levels is not explainable in terms of what happens at lower levels. The suggestion of emergence seems to require that our categorization of the various levels is objective in the sense that each system possesses some novel properties and obeys some laws of nature which are unique for this level, and which cannot be accounted for by a complete knowledge of its components. However, I reject emergentism but accept that larger and more complex systems have properties which we do not find among their elements. Instead, I argue that these novel properties are extrinsic, caused by the environment in which the systems are embedded. So where emergentists take emergent properties to be intrinsic, I think of the same properties as neither emergent nor intrinsic. For analytic purposes we divide reality into isolated entities, whereby we forget that all things hang together and interact with everything else. Therefore, we need both endogenous and exogenous explanations to reach a common understanding of humans and their conception of reality.