Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the landscape of molecular precision medicine in oncology, offering innovative solutions to the challenges of individualized treatment strategies. With the increasing complexity of genomic, proteomic, and clinical data, AI-driven technologies are enhancing the ability to predict patient responses to therapies and streamline strategic planning. This chapter explores the integration of AI into cancer research and treatment, emphasizing its role in analyzing complex molecular datasets to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Additionally, we address current challenges in AI implementation, including data quality, standardization, interpretability, and ethical considerations, highlighting the importance of maintaining human oversight in the decision-making process. This chapter concludes by presenting future perspectives on AI’s potential to further transform precision oncology, particularly in developing personalized treatment protocols and advancing our understanding of cancer biology at the molecular level.