In arid and semi-arid regions, the escalating threat of soil salinization poses a significant challenge to global agricultural productivity and food security. This review attempts to explore the field of salinity-tolerant crop variety development under sustainable strategies that will mitigate the adverse effects of salinity stress on plant growth. The study examines the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms governing the overall reprogramming underlying plant responses to salinity. The review also focuses on the recent advances in conventional breeding, marker-assisted selection, and modern biotechnological interventions such as genetic engineering and genome editing. Furthermore, the integration of omics technologies and systems biology approaches are discussed as the means to enhance the precision and efficiency of the breeding programs. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary research and policy support to accelerate the development and deployment of salinity-resilient crop varieties for sustainable agriculture.