Emerging economies are becoming pivotal to the global sustainability transition, not only because of their rapid population growth and rising energy demand, but because their development choices will determine the trajectory of global markets. This chapter examines how countries across Africa and Asia are integrating sustainability into industrial strategy, leveraging renewable energy, green manufacturing, and new reporting standards to attract investment and enhance competitiveness. It highlights the fragility of these efforts where governance, security, and institutional capacity remain weak, as seen in large-scale initiatives like the Great Green Wall. Case studies of Bangladesh and Ethiopia illustrate both the potential for sustainability-led growth, the leap-frogging incumbent technologies, and the risks of uneven capacity. Sustainability is now enforced through access to markets, finance, and technology, making strong governance and credible standards essential for future prosperity.