Introduction: Due to aging, older adults are more susceptible to the need for surgical intervention, which can compromise their functionality and independence. In this context, rehabilitation nurses play a central role in promoting recovery, autonomy, and independence through interventions that minimize functional decline. Objective: To identify the significant gains of rehabilitation nursing intervention in elderly people undergoing surgical intervention. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted based on the recommendations of The Joanna Briggs Institute between July and September 2025 using the PubMed search engine. The PRISMA methodology was implemented for the selection of articles. The inclusion criteria were articles in Portuguese and English; studies with a target population of people aged 65 years or older; studies with rehabilitation interventions aimed at people undergoing surgery. Results: The search identified 260 articles, of which 12 were included in the review. The main results identified were the implementation of a multimodal program that leads to a decrease in the average length of hospital stay, a reduction in postoperative complications, with an emphasis on respiratory complications, the promotion of functional independence, and, most importantly, improvement in quality of life. Conclusion: The application of rehabilitation nursing interventions to elderly people undergoing surgery benefits the recovery of previous functional capacity, resulting in the promotion of functional independence.