Objective: To present the sociodemographic profile, care and clinical characteristics, degree of medication adherence, and level of functional health literacy of elderly people treated at a Family Health Strategy in a municipality on the western border of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: A quantitative, exploratory, and descriptive study with a cross-sectional design was conducted with 97 elderly individuals. Data collection took place between October 2022 and March 2023, using a sociodemographic and health characterization questionnaire, the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, and the Short-Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults. Results: High adherence to treatment was found in 63% of participants, with medium adherence in 15% and low adherence in 20%. Regarding Functional Health Literacy, 19% had an adequate level, 65% had an inadequate level, and 14% had a marginal level among the elderly. Conclusion: Continuous monitoring of the elderly should be adapted to their level of health literacy to promote adherence to treatment.