Objective: To observe the effect of external application of traditional Chinese medicine on the incidence of arteriovenous fistula complications in hemodialysis patients. Method: Sixty patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis and receiving autologous arteriovenous fistula admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xingtai Medical College from December 2024 to August 2025 were randomly divided into two groups. The control group received conventional Western medicine treatment, while the observation group received external application of Yanghe Tang Chinese medicine in addition to the treatment in the control group. Analyze the maturity index of internal fistula and incidence of complications during the use of internal fistula in two groups of patients, and observe the self rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores and self rating depression scale (SDS) scores before and after treatment. Result: Both groups showed an increase in the diameter and blood flow of the jugular vein compared to before treatment, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05); The diameter and blood flow of the head vein in the treatment group were both greater than those in the control group during the same period, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05); The SAS and SDS scores of both groups of patients after treatment were lower than before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); After treatment, the observation group was significantly lower than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: External application of traditional Chinese medicine can promote smooth local blood flow, effectively prevent complications in patients, and improve their psychological state.