The Liberal Centre-right: MoDem, Renaissance, Horizons
摘要
Long marginalised by the dominance of the conservative party, liberal centre-right parties have achieved a new level of relevance since Emmanuel Macron and his party entered the national political stage in 2017. This chapter examines the historical development, ideological positions, and electoral bases of the main liberal centre-right parties. It emphasises both their swift consolidation at a national level and their limited local or grassroots presence.