Process Characteristics of Wire Assisted Three-Arc Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Without Transferred Arc for Cladding and Additive Manufacturing
摘要
Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding is of particular interest for additive manufacturing, as it is a high-quality and universally applicable process that produces minimal harmful emissions. A key advantage of this method lies in the decoupling of current intensity and filler material, which provides a high degree of flexibility. However, conventional TIG welding also presents certain drawbacks, especially a low deposition rate and directional limitations due to the separate wire feed. To overcome these challenges, a novel 3D-Plus torch has been developed. Its concentric wire feeding system enables a more flexible and efficient application of the welding process. This study focuses on welding phenomena using a newly developed welding torch for additive manufacturing. This torch uses three TIG electrodes without transferring the arc to the substrate. The arcs burn between the filler and the electrodes. Video observations and metallographic cross sections were performed to investigate the process. The morphology of the weld seam and the heat-affected zone were analysed. Additionally, the relevant parameters that significantly influence the welding process are described. The results demonstrate that a stable welding process can be achieved using a comparatively low welding current. This technology is suitable for manufacturing WAAM-based structures and for cladding processes involving wear-resistant coatings.