Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinicoradiological entity characterized by reversible vasogenic brain edema resultant from loss of normal cerebral endothelial autoregulation. It can be caused by different etiologies, from systemic conditions, such as hypertension and sepsis, to cytotoxic and immunosuppressive medications. Clinical presentation may include headache, altered state of consciousness, seizures, and focal neurological deficits, but symptoms vary according to lesion location. Neuroimaging typically reveals symmetric white matter vasogenic edema, most commonly in regions supplied by the posterior circulation. Management should focus on supportive measures and elimination of the underlying cause. Changes are usually reversible after several hours to days, and prognosis is favorable if the condition is treated promptly.