Civil engineering operates at the intersection of natural systems, built environments, and human society. As infrastructure becomes increasingly complex and communities continue to expand into areas exposed to environmental hazards, the need to understand and manage risk has never been more critical.

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Climate Change, Hazards, and Infrastructure Risk

  • Hossein Bonakdari,
  • Isa Ebtehaj,
  • Joseph Ladouceur

摘要

Civil engineering operates at the intersection of natural systems, built environments, and human society. As infrastructure becomes increasingly complex and communities continue to expand into areas exposed to environmental hazards, the need to understand and manage risk has never been more critical.