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Load Frequency Control (LFC) plays a crucial role in ensuring the stability and reliability of power plant operations while maintaining a consistent and high-quality electricity supply to end users. This work presents a robust design of a Fractional Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FOPID) controller for LFC applications. The controller gains are optimized using the Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA), a metaheuristic method known for its strong search capability and rapid convergence. A single-area reheat thermal power system is considered as test model for analyzing controller performance. Performance indices namely Integral of Time-weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) and Integral of Time-weighted Squared Error (ITSE) are used to assess the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller under varying load conditions. When compared with a conventional PID controller, the SCA tuned FOPID provides better frequency regulation, enhanced transient response, and increased system robustness. Furthermore, results indicate that FOPID tuned with ITSE performs better than its ITAE-based counterpart, achieving a minimum ITSE value of 0.10396, much lower than the 0.11476 obtained with the SCA-optimized PID controller, thereby validating its efficacy in minimizing frequency deviations and enhancing dynamic stability.

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Sine-Cosine Algorithm Based Robust Fractional-Order PID Controller Design for Load Frequency Control

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Rani Gupta,
  • Manjaree Pandit,
  • Nikhil Paliwal

摘要

Load Frequency Control (LFC) plays a crucial role in ensuring the stability and reliability of power plant operations while maintaining a consistent and high-quality electricity supply to end users. This work presents a robust design of a Fractional Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FOPID) controller for LFC applications. The controller gains are optimized using the Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA), a metaheuristic method known for its strong search capability and rapid convergence. A single-area reheat thermal power system is considered as test model for analyzing controller performance. Performance indices namely Integral of Time-weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) and Integral of Time-weighted Squared Error (ITSE) are used to assess the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller under varying load conditions. When compared with a conventional PID controller, the SCA tuned FOPID provides better frequency regulation, enhanced transient response, and increased system robustness. Furthermore, results indicate that FOPID tuned with ITSE performs better than its ITAE-based counterpart, achieving a minimum ITSE value of 0.10396, much lower than the 0.11476 obtained with the SCA-optimized PID controller, thereby validating its efficacy in minimizing frequency deviations and enhancing dynamic stability.