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This study investigates the dielectric behavior of cement-based concrete systems with varying salt concentrations from the perspective of Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization. Cuboid concrete specimens were cast with four embedded stainless steel (SS) plates acting as probes in a Wenner-type configuration to enable non-destructive electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The specimens contained no reinforcing steel and were free from carbonation to isolate the dielectric response from corrosion-related phenomena. EIS measurements were conducted over a wide frequency range (10 mHz to 2 MHz) in a temperature and humidity-controlled environment. The influence of increasing salt concentration introduced as NaCl by weight of cement was analyzed in terms of changes in bulk resistance, capacitance, and interfacial polarization effects. The Nyquist and Bode plots exhibited frequency-dependent dispersion indicative of Maxwell–Wagner-type relaxation, with pronounced modifications in the low-frequency domain as salt content increased. Equivalent circuit modelling revealed a transition from simple RC behavior to systems requiring diffusion elements, consistent with ionic accumulation and interfacial charge storage.

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Dielectric Response of Concrete Under Varying Salt Concentrations: A Maxwell–Wagner Perspective

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Ankit Rai,
  • Umesh Kumar Sharma,
  • Richard James Ball

摘要

This study investigates the dielectric behavior of cement-based concrete systems with varying salt concentrations from the perspective of Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization. Cuboid concrete specimens were cast with four embedded stainless steel (SS) plates acting as probes in a Wenner-type configuration to enable non-destructive electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The specimens contained no reinforcing steel and were free from carbonation to isolate the dielectric response from corrosion-related phenomena. EIS measurements were conducted over a wide frequency range (10 mHz to 2 MHz) in a temperature and humidity-controlled environment. The influence of increasing salt concentration introduced as NaCl by weight of cement was analyzed in terms of changes in bulk resistance, capacitance, and interfacial polarization effects. The Nyquist and Bode plots exhibited frequency-dependent dispersion indicative of Maxwell–Wagner-type relaxation, with pronounced modifications in the low-frequency domain as salt content increased. Equivalent circuit modelling revealed a transition from simple RC behavior to systems requiring diffusion elements, consistent with ionic accumulation and interfacial charge storage.