Reinforced concrete (RC) structures under impact loading may suffer severe damage such as scabbing, spalling, or perforation. Retrofitted thin layers of mineral-bonded composites offer a material-efficient strengthening option. In this study, impact experiments were carried out on 10 cm and 20 cm thick RC plates at the TU Dresden drop tower facility. Six specimens were tested, including reference plates and variants retrofitted with 2 cm layers of textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) or strain-hardening cementitious composites (SHCC) applied to the rear or front-side. TRC layers most effectively retained fragments and reduced scabbing even at higher velocities. Rear-side SHCC could better distribute local strains, preventing visible cracking, while front-side SHCC improved penetration resistance. These findings demonstrate that thin retrofitted layers can enhance impact resistance of RC plates while remaining material efficient.