The research aims to develop a scientific and practical approach to the economic development of the leading industries in the Kyrgyz Republic through the dissemination of artificial intelligence (AI), intended to fully unlock the potential of this growth. To this end, the authors conducted an empirical study based on statistics from the Kyrgyz Republic for 2010–2022. The authors employed trend analysis to examine the dynamics of the economic development of the country’s leading industries during 2010–2022. Using regression analysis, the authors developed a model to assess the impact of the spread of AI technologies on the economic development of these key industries in the Kyrgyz Republic. The main conclusion is that the industrial economy of the Kyrgyz Republic is experiencing a recession due to a reduction in the share of the mechanical engineering, high-tech, and textile sectors within the overall industrial structure. Additionally, AI plays a countercyclical role in the country’s industrial economy by accelerating the development of the food, high-tech, and textile industries. Ultimately, a novel mesoeconomic methodological approach to industrial automation based on AI is proposed, with the advantage of considering the sector-specific characteristics of the Kyrgyz Republic’s industrial growth. The authors demonstrated future economic development prospects of the country’s leading industries through further dissemination of AI up to 2030. This is supported by an original forecast which suggests that, provided a complete transition to “smart” production by 2030, the Kyrgyz Republic will achieve a significant increase in the share of the high-tech and textile sectors within its industrial structure.