The research aims to identify and systematize the main problems and contradictions of introducing and applying AI systems in contemporary pedagogical activity. The main research methods used were analytical review, analysis, comparison, generalization, and the system approach. During the research, the authors found that there are quite a lot of studies on the problems of implementing AI systems in the field of education. Moreover, they are poorly systematized. As a rule, researchers write about the problems of education, paying less attention to the other two components of pedagogical activity—training and education. The research introduces an approach to systematizing the contradictions and challenges in the interaction between natural and artificial intelligence. This approach is based on three core components of pedagogical activity: the formation of information, praxeological culture, and axiological culture. These elements develop through a dialectical process in which individuals acquire knowledge, skills, and a system of values during socialization.