The paper presents the results of the reconstruction of metallurgical processing according to ancient technologies of polymetallic ores, which were sampled in the zone ancient mine workings in the area of Nagolno-Tarasovsky ore cluster of the Donets Ridge. The smelting process was carried out in a recreated according to historical data smelting furnace and a smelting bowl. The lead ores of the Nagolno-Tarasovskoye ore cluster were studied using electronic microscopy. The products of the experimental smelting-metal and slag – were also investigated. The characteristics of the distribution of the chemical elements in the smelting products were established. The enrichment of the smelted metal with silver and antimony in the form of an independent phase was noted. The reasons influencing the efficiency of metallurgical processing are determined, and the stages of metallurgical processing are identified. The fahlore of the investigated area concentrates silver, and therefore is the most promising for its extraction in the ancient times. The experimental smelting of galena ores using ancient technologies has shown the possibility of producing silver-enriched lead.