The evolution of urban centres in Cameroon has been shaped by a complex interplay of historical, economic, and demographic factors. From the pre-colonial era to the present day, urban centres have emerged and grown, driven by trade, missionary work, colonialism, and modernisation. Cities like Douala, Yaoundé, Bafoussam, Limbe, Maroua, and Bamenda have developed distinct characteristics, reflecting their unique histories, cultural influences, and economic roles. Urbanisation has accelerated in recent decades, fuelled by rural–urban migration, population growth, and economic opportunities. Today, Cameroon’s urban centres face challenges related to infrastructure, services, and governance but also offer opportunities for economic growth, cultural innovation, and social mobility. Understanding this evolution provides insights into the country’s development trajectory and the complexities of urban living in Africa.