This chapter explores how Indigenous, rural and urban women are responding to displacement caused by extreme events such as droughts, floods and deforestation. They are doing this by combining ancestral knowledge with transnational advocacy and community networks, in order to challenge the patriarchal and colonial structures that have historically shaped both their vulnerability and their capacity for action. This articulation is not merely instrumental; it constitutes a mode of knowledge production that challenges the hierarchy between expert and situated knowledge. In doing so, it reclaims for women the status of epistemic subjects rather than mere beneficiaries of externally designed policies. The regional case studies analysed—including movements in Guatemala, Peru and Brazil—illustrate patterns of empowerment that influence global climate justice agendas beyond the local sphere. In each context, women’s leadership acts as a mechanism of resignification: vulnerability is no longer a fixed state, but rather a starting point for collective action that can challenge hegemonic narratives, activate international legal frameworks and forge alliances that transcend ethnic, national and disciplinary boundaries. This comparative dimension enriches the literature on climate governance by demonstrating that the most sustainable responses emerge from organisational processes rooted in specific territories and memories, rather than imported models. From a forward-looking perspective, the analysis informs the design of migration and environmental policies that genuinely incorporate gender perspectives, recognising the tensions between local resistance and the global logics of the Anthropocene. Rather than adding another variable to existing models, integrating these perspectives entails reformulating assumptions about who produces valid knowledge, which forms of adaptation merit funding and whose voices should occupy decision-making spaces. In this sense, the chapter advocates interdisciplinary collaboration between anthropology, political ecology, international law and gender studies, capable of translating analytical richness into concrete recommendations that view women as central architects of environmentally just and socially sustainable futures, rather than objects of protection.