Pine (Pinus spp.) trees worldwide are subjected to selective evolutionary pressures from both abiotic (fire) and biotic (insects) damage resulting in their extant distribution and abundance, and life-history and morphological traits. These interactions merit serious consideration in long-term pine forest conservation and sustainability plans, and hence, we provide the following elements in this chapter: (1) a synthesis of eco-evolutionary components of these tri-lateral (fire-pine-insect) interactions; (2) a framework for understanding herbivory patterns and processes as based on adaptations of pine trees to different fire regimes and whether they are fire embracers, tolerators, or avoiders; and (3) use of fire as a critical tool to directly and indirectly manage insects while enhancing forest health. Overall, pine traits that confer fire resilience (e.g., thicker bark) and/or promotion (e.g., resin in needles and bark) tend to elicit variable responses by insects. Responses of insects are dependent on fire regimes and resulting host quality (nutrition and defenses) and quantity (e.g., density and dominance). Similarly, insect life-history traits (e.g., whether they are primary or secondary colonizing species, their background density levels, and adaptations to fire) further contribute to herbivory patterns. Prescribed fire can also either indirectly or directly affect herbivorous insect populations depending on burn timing, severity, and proximity. Anthropogenic climate change and fire suppression are leading to significant changes in fire regimes that will continue to alter these ancient trilateral interactions. Future management plans to enhance forest sustainability will benefit from inclusion of these eco-evolutionary interactions in pine-dominated ecosystems.