This paper presents an overview of numerical modeling methods applied to understand and predict the behavior of zirconia (ZrO₂). Zirconia’s performance depends on several interacting factors, including its microstructure, phase changes, temperature effects, and mechanical loading. Because these interactions are complex, modeling plays an important role in describing how zirconia behaves during use and during processes such as sintering, machining, and additive manufacturing. This review summarizes the main constitutive models, finite element approaches, and multiscale methods used to simulate elasticity, plasticity, damage, and transformation toughening in zirconia. Although many advances have been made, current models are still incomplete and often lack full multiphysics coupling, realistic process-based material laws, and strong experimental validation. The paper identifies these gaps and suggests future directions, including better multiscale models, the use of machine learning to support physics-based simulations, and virtual manufacturing tools to help optimize zirconia processing and improve final component performance.