Heat treatment of materials is a technological process that allows control of the microstructure and mechanical properties of metals, but traditional approaches still face limitations in terms of accuracy, repeatability and energy efficiency. The dynamic development of industrial robotics is fundamentally transforming these processes, as robotic systems enable highly accurate, localised and time-controlled application of heat in induction, laser and furnace workplaces. The integration of advanced sensor technology – pyrometry, thermovision, 3D geometry measurement and adaptive power control – enables real-time monitoring of the temperature field and continuous optimisation of process parameters according to the current conditions of the material. At the same time, numerical simulations, the finite element method and digital twins play a key role in predicting thermal, diffusion and microstructural phenomena even before the technological operation is performed, thus shortening development cycles and minimising the costs of experiments. The article provides a comprehensive overview of modern robotic solutions used in the heat treatment of materials, compares traditional heat treatment options with robotic ones, analyses their application possibilities, technical limitations, interaction with artificial intelligence systems, and identifies the main trends associated with autonomy, digitalisation and the Industry 4.0 concept. Modern robotic heat treatment workplaces thus represent a significant step towards more efficient, accurate, safer and sustainable industrial production.