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Human activities inevitably lead to waste generation, an integral aspect of daily life. Effective solid waste management (SWM) is crucial for mitigating adverse health and environmental impacts, conserving resources, and enhancing urban liveability. However, due to the fast rate of urbanisation, waste generation has increased significantly in urban areas, enabling unsustainable waste practices that have negatively impacted public health and environmental sustainability. Despite extensive research on SWM, few studies have explored how urbanization influences waste generation, the connection between waste management and public health, and the potential of Geographic Information System (GIS) based route optimization to reduce health risks and enhance SWM. This research article applies a systematic literature review using the PRISMA framework, to thoroughly examine current and projected trends in urbanization and waste generation, the challenges of waste management and related health effects, and evaluates GIS-based route optimization along with other methods, with an emphasis on SWM efficiency and sustainability. In conclusion, this review highlights that many SWM concerns result from the rising trajectory of urbanization and waste generation, which have exacerbated major global public health problems. It emphasizes addressing these challenges through route optimization, with GIS emerging as a more effective and preferred approach compared to other methods, because of its critical role in providing cost-effective and environmentally beneficial approach, enabling efficient waste collection, reduced fuel consumption, minimized emissions, and enhanced service coverage. It also offers spatial intelligence and real-time adaptability, making it ideal for addressing dynamic urban challenges in supporting sustainable SWM strategies, that aligns with SDGs 6, 11, 12, and 13. These findings provide crucial guidance for policymakers, waste management practitioners, and researchers dedicated to developing sustainable waste management strategies.

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GIS-Based Route Optimization for Sustainable Waste Management: A Review of Urbanization, Waste Generation, and Health Impacts in Nigeria and Globally

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Sunday O. Academe,
  • David O. Olukanni,
  • Emmanuel O. Aremu,
  • Meshach I. Alfa,
  • Theresa Mkandawire

摘要

Human activities inevitably lead to waste generation, an integral aspect of daily life. Effective solid waste management (SWM) is crucial for mitigating adverse health and environmental impacts, conserving resources, and enhancing urban liveability. However, due to the fast rate of urbanisation, waste generation has increased significantly in urban areas, enabling unsustainable waste practices that have negatively impacted public health and environmental sustainability. Despite extensive research on SWM, few studies have explored how urbanization influences waste generation, the connection between waste management and public health, and the potential of Geographic Information System (GIS) based route optimization to reduce health risks and enhance SWM. This research article applies a systematic literature review using the PRISMA framework, to thoroughly examine current and projected trends in urbanization and waste generation, the challenges of waste management and related health effects, and evaluates GIS-based route optimization along with other methods, with an emphasis on SWM efficiency and sustainability. In conclusion, this review highlights that many SWM concerns result from the rising trajectory of urbanization and waste generation, which have exacerbated major global public health problems. It emphasizes addressing these challenges through route optimization, with GIS emerging as a more effective and preferred approach compared to other methods, because of its critical role in providing cost-effective and environmentally beneficial approach, enabling efficient waste collection, reduced fuel consumption, minimized emissions, and enhanced service coverage. It also offers spatial intelligence and real-time adaptability, making it ideal for addressing dynamic urban challenges in supporting sustainable SWM strategies, that aligns with SDGs 6, 11, 12, and 13. These findings provide crucial guidance for policymakers, waste management practitioners, and researchers dedicated to developing sustainable waste management strategies.