This chapter underscores historical perspectives, research shifts, and mental health history with regard to asexuality while also considering queer identities overall. I take readers through a journey of historical research that identifies asexuality as a sexual orientation. The role of biases and assumptions about asexuality and mental health from historical and research perspectives is considered. I present the evolution of Alfred Kinsey’s research that identified asexuals as “X” to present-day social science research. I touch on the biological and genetic connections to asexuality that have been hypothesized in research. Finally, some of the global research on asexuality that is starting to evolve will be introduced.