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Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are a key component of modern Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), allowing wireless communication among vehicles and roadside infrastructure. However, the properties of vehicular mobility, such as rapid topology changes, irregular connectivity, and variable link qualities can impact the network’s reliability, latency, and scalable management. The integration of VANETs with Software-Defined Networking (SDN) promises a solution that differentiates the control and data planes, providing centralized programmability, traffic engineering, and network-wide awareness. This paper reviews contemporary research on VANET architecture, routing mechanisms, and improvements with SDN, including cloud and fog-assisted models. It places significance on the incorporation of Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) and Segment Routing (SR) for enhanced routing optimization and forwarding. This review analyzes the evolution from traditional VANET architecture to the emerging framework of Software-Defined VANET (SD-VANET) supported by hierarchical cloud/fog infrastructures, pointing out advantages and open challenges. Lastly, the unresolved concerns and potential future research directions are provided for next-generation transportation ecosystems.

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From VANETs to Software-Defined VANETs: A Comprehensive Review of Architectures, Routing Strategies, and Open Research Challenges

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Ronild Hako,
  • Evjola Spaho

摘要

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are a key component of modern Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), allowing wireless communication among vehicles and roadside infrastructure. However, the properties of vehicular mobility, such as rapid topology changes, irregular connectivity, and variable link qualities can impact the network’s reliability, latency, and scalable management. The integration of VANETs with Software-Defined Networking (SDN) promises a solution that differentiates the control and data planes, providing centralized programmability, traffic engineering, and network-wide awareness. This paper reviews contemporary research on VANET architecture, routing mechanisms, and improvements with SDN, including cloud and fog-assisted models. It places significance on the incorporation of Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) and Segment Routing (SR) for enhanced routing optimization and forwarding. This review analyzes the evolution from traditional VANET architecture to the emerging framework of Software-Defined VANET (SD-VANET) supported by hierarchical cloud/fog infrastructures, pointing out advantages and open challenges. Lastly, the unresolved concerns and potential future research directions are provided for next-generation transportation ecosystems.