Agriculture is a vital sector for Romania, with multiple economic and social functions that go beyond simple food production. This study assesses the social dimension of sustainability in large-scale farms in the north-eastern region of the country, through the lens of the ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) framework. Based on a structured questionnaire adapted from international methodologies, data was collected from 25 farms, targeting five main areas: general farm characteristics, occupational health and safety, employee rights, social impact on communities, and diversity and inclusion. The results show that most farms comply well with occupational safety requirements, through protective equipment and emergency procedures, although gaps remain in risk assessment and staff training. There are significant disparities in employee rights: some farms provide legal contracts and timely payment of wages, while others only partially or not at all apply these practices, with limited access to vocational training. Community involvement is uneven, with few farms consistently engaged in social investments or projects. Diversity and inclusion remain the weakest area, with many farms lacking anti-discrimination policies or concrete measures to promote equality. These results highlight both the strengths and vulnerabilities of Romanian agriculture’s social performance. Large farms tend to comply with standards more consistently, while small units face resource and organizational difficulties. Consolidation through unified policies, good practices, and local partnerships is essential for Romanian agriculture to become not only an economic engine but also a pillar of social equity and sustainable development in rural areas.