In the United States, complete bilateral salpingectomy is now the sterilization method of choice as it is reported to decrease the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer, plus it offers a higher efficacy rate without an increased surgical risk (Marino et al, Tubal sterilization. NCBI bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. StatPearls, Treasure Island, 2025). This procedure, along with the traditional methods, is specifically designed for women who do not want future fertility, and the only absolute contraindication is a lack of adequate informed consent, a particularly important caveat (Marino et al, Tubal sterilization. NCBI bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. StatPearls, Treasure Island, 2025). The appropriate consent process should include review of available contraceptive options, particularly the long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARCs). Traditional methods of sterilization using clips, bands, electrocautery or partial salpingectomy are still available and may be preferable in some cases (Marino et al, Tubal sterilization. NCBI bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. StatPearls, Treasure Island, 2025). For women with a single male partner, vasectomy is another alternative that is associated with lower risks than female tubal sterilization. Access for an easy, safe, effective, and inexpensive long-term method of contraception has been sought for decades in both the developed and the developing world. The general efficacy and safety of female tubal sterilization have made it a very popular method of permanent birth control as millions of women in the United States and worldwide use this method. After the 2022 Supreme Court decision allowing many states to ban abortion, many states saw significant increases in rates of tubal ligation, especially in young women aged 19–26 (Xu X, Chen L, Desai V. Tubal sterilization rates by state abortion laws after the Dobbs decision. JAMA. 2024;332(14):1204–96.). While vasectomy rates also increased, the increase was reported to be lower than the increases in tubal ligation, a much more invasive procedure. These statistics highlight the higher burden for contraceptive protection that is seen in women, certainly reflecting their desire to personally control their own reproduction. Despite decades of research, clinical trials, and the introduction of new methods of tubal ligation, the ideal method of sterilization remains elusive. Hysteroscopic approaches have been met with disappointment and are no longer being done. Continuing research remains focused on developing an in-office procedure from an expensive operating room procedure utilizing general anesthesia. Other desirable features include less complex methods that can be performed by paramedical personnel, reversible methods, and methods that reduce or prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases.

Female Tubal Sterilization

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发表日期：

2026年

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Donna Shoupe

摘要

In the United States, complete bilateral salpingectomy is now the sterilization method of choice as it is reported to decrease the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer, plus it offers a higher efficacy rate without an increased surgical risk (Marino et al, Tubal sterilization. NCBI bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. StatPearls, Treasure Island, 2025). This procedure, along with the traditional methods, is specifically designed for women who do not want future fertility, and the only absolute contraindication is a lack of adequate informed consent, a particularly important caveat (Marino et al, Tubal sterilization. NCBI bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. StatPearls, Treasure Island, 2025). The appropriate consent process should include review of available contraceptive options, particularly the long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARCs). Traditional methods of sterilization using clips, bands, electrocautery or partial salpingectomy are still available and may be preferable in some cases (Marino et al, Tubal sterilization. NCBI bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. StatPearls, Treasure Island, 2025). For women with a single male partner, vasectomy is another alternative that is associated with lower risks than female tubal sterilization. Access for an easy, safe, effective, and inexpensive long-term method of contraception has been sought for decades in both the developed and the developing world. The general efficacy and safety of female tubal sterilization have made it a very popular method of permanent birth control as millions of women in the United States and worldwide use this method. After the 2022 Supreme Court decision allowing many states to ban abortion, many states saw significant increases in rates of tubal ligation, especially in young women aged 19–26 (Xu X, Chen L, Desai V. Tubal sterilization rates by state abortion laws after the Dobbs decision. JAMA. 2024;332(14):1204–96.). While vasectomy rates also increased, the increase was reported to be lower than the increases in tubal ligation, a much more invasive procedure. These statistics highlight the higher burden for contraceptive protection that is seen in women, certainly reflecting their desire to personally control their own reproduction. Despite decades of research, clinical trials, and the introduction of new methods of tubal ligation, the ideal method of sterilization remains elusive. Hysteroscopic approaches have been met with disappointment and are no longer being done. Continuing research remains focused on developing an in-office procedure from an expensive operating room procedure utilizing general anesthesia. Other desirable features include less complex methods that can be performed by paramedical personnel, reversible methods, and methods that reduce or prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases.