This chapter contributed by Francis Kim brings to the book some insights regarding an Asian perspective on the themes of supranationality. It is argued that supranationality in Asia, though for the moment unlikely, is increasingly necessary amid rising geopolitical tensions. The 2025 Xi–Putin–Kim summit underscores the return of bloc politics, while structural inequalities fuel nationalism and strain voluntary cooperation. Drawing on DeLong and Piketty, the chapter links political economy and social grievances to cycles of nationalistic populism and interstate hostility. The receding role of US hegemony, from the “America First” isolationism after the Great Depression to the “MAGA” in the Trump era, signals that a new international order is inevitable, whether welcomed or not, compelling Asia to rethink its institutional architecture. ASEAN’s Bangkok Declaration illustrates a useful precedent in Southeast Asia for how norms of cooperation and consultation helped preserve stability, but arguably, it is no longer sufficient for today’s challenges being hamstrung by a unanimity requirement for collective decisions and a widening political and economic diversity among its members. The chapter calls for innovations in governance design, including flexible coalitions to pioneer closer integration, and frames crises as potential catalysts for reform.

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Norms in Governance Design and the Path to Supranationality in Asia

  • Francis D. Kim

摘要

This chapter contributed by Francis Kim brings to the book some insights regarding an Asian perspective on the themes of supranationality. It is argued that supranationality in Asia, though for the moment unlikely, is increasingly necessary amid rising geopolitical tensions. The 2025 Xi–Putin–Kim summit underscores the return of bloc politics, while structural inequalities fuel nationalism and strain voluntary cooperation. Drawing on DeLong and Piketty, the chapter links political economy and social grievances to cycles of nationalistic populism and interstate hostility. The receding role of US hegemony, from the “America First” isolationism after the Great Depression to the “MAGA” in the Trump era, signals that a new international order is inevitable, whether welcomed or not, compelling Asia to rethink its institutional architecture. ASEAN’s Bangkok Declaration illustrates a useful precedent in Southeast Asia for how norms of cooperation and consultation helped preserve stability, but arguably, it is no longer sufficient for today’s challenges being hamstrung by a unanimity requirement for collective decisions and a widening political and economic diversity among its members. The chapter calls for innovations in governance design, including flexible coalitions to pioneer closer integration, and frames crises as potential catalysts for reform.