This chapter explores how growing social inequalities are destabilizing societies and reshaping global geopolitics. Economic disparities between elites and the working classes, amplified by technology and identity-based grievances, are eroding trust in political institutions and challenging the social contract in both democratic and authoritarian states. Urban-rural divides and neglected regions exacerbate resentment, creating “geographies of anger” where protests and social movements emerge. These movements often spread transnationally via social media, inspiring similar uprisings elsewhere and drawing international attention.Populism thrives on these inequalities, framing politics as a struggle between “the pure people” and “corrupt elites.” Leaders like Trump, Bolsonaro, Modi, and European far-right parties exploit economic insecurity, cultural anxieties, and identity politics to consolidate power. This has domestic consequences—polarized societies, weakened social cohesion, and threats to democratic legitimacy—and international implications, including challenges to multilateral agreements, trade alliances, and environmental commitments.Social fragmentation, where demands are diverse and intersectional, complicates governance. Governments often respond with enhanced surveillance, protest restrictions, and judicial repression, risking a slide into “soft” authoritarianism. Yet, initiatives like citizens’ assemblies and participatory budgeting show potential for democratic renewal. The chapter concludes that social inequality is no longer merely a domestic concern; it is a key geopolitical factor. Bridging divides, restoring inclusion, and reinventing democracy are essential to prevent escalating instability and future conflicts.