This chapter highlights the growing geopolitical role of civil society in shaping regime change and political transformation. Once secondary to states, armies, and elites, citizens, social movements, NGOs, and digital networks now influence diplomacy, destabilize governments, and mobilize global attention. Social movements—ranging from the Colour Revolutions in Eastern Europe to the Arab Spring, Gezi Park, Yellow Vests, and Hirak—demonstrate how decentralized, leaderless, and digitally connected protests can rapidly challenge entrenched power, though they often struggle to translate momentum into political projects. NGOs have emerged as strategic actors, delivering humanitarian aid, monitoring conflicts, advocating for rights, and influencing global governance. Their ethical legitimacy and transnational reach allow them to operate where states cannot, yet they face criticism for foreign affiliations, financial dependence, or unintended local impacts. Social media amplifies civil society’s power, enabling horizontal organization, real-time mobilization, and international visibility. However, it also facilitates disinformation, polarization, and manipulation by states and non-state actors, making digital platforms both arenas of civic empowerment and contested geopolitical space. Overall, civil society now acts as a crucial political actor at the intersection of local and global dynamics. Its rise reshapes power, challenges traditional hierarchies, and reminds us that legitimacy, organization, and networks are as vital as formal institutions. Yet, this influence is fragile, contested, and fraught with risks of co-optation and misuse.