The article examines the criminological and criminal law foundations of information protection and cybersecurity in the context of the digital transformation of society. The authors analyse the concept of cybercrime, its classification, legal nature and the specifics of combating crimes in cyberspace. It considers current changes in Ukrainian legislation, in particular the provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine ‘On the Basic Principles of Ensuring Cybersecurity.’ Particular attention is paid to scientific approaches to defining the boundaries of cybercrime, as well as international initiatives aimed at harmonising legal mechanisms for combating cybercrime. Within the framework of theoretical analysis, the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to the formation of an effective information protection system, combining criminological knowledge, legal instruments and technological solutions, is substantiated.