This chapter presents the study’s conceptual framework, aiming to demonstrate how ageing and the food practices of older adults can be understood within their sociocultural context. The introduction discusses fundamental approaches that emphasise the significance of food not only as a biological necessity but also as a cultural and social practice. The subsequent overview of theories and models portrays ageing as a complex experience shaped by biological, psychological, social and cultural factors. The discussion on ‘what kind of ageing’ highlights the tension between normative ideals of active or successful ageing and critical perspectives that point to their limitations and underline the importance of everyday adaptability. The framework further develops the concept of resilience, understood as a dynamic process that enables older adults to cope with life challenges through inner resources, social ties and cultural practices, including those related to food. The dimension of socioeconomic status illustrates that broader economic and structural factors always condition the ability to maintain dignified and meaningful food practices. The conceptual framework thus provides a solid foundation for empirical exploration of how resilience, socioeconomic status and cultural values intersect in the everyday lives of older adults.