The rapid and non-sustainable development process has increased socio-ecological disasters and resulted in the loss of biodiversity, climate vulnerability, and worsening inequalities. In this chapter, Indigenous societies are framed as offering resilience and sustainability based on knowledge systems that integrate ecology, culture, and governance. Based on a qualitative comparative analysis, six case studies are described: the Zapatista rebellion in Mexico, the Kayapo in the Xingu Indigenous Park, Brazil, the Maasai in Kenya’s Mara ecosystem, Sámi reindeer people in northern Europe, Himalayan people in India, and Amazonian people in Brazil. These cases reveal strategies like agroecology, rotational grazing, sacred forest protection, and community-based governance that simultaneously ensure local livelihood and avoid environmental degeneration. In comparing these disparate examples with recent literature on conservation and climate adaptation, the chapter demonstrates the universal relevance of Indigenous methods in preventing deforestation, accumulating biological diversity, and enhancing adaptation capacity. The aim is to highlight the potential in integrating Indigenous ecological knowledge with modern policy instruments in the development of replicable models of resilience. This will take a step toward an eco-sensitive future in which environmental stewardship and social justice become one and the same. The novelty of the study lies in the cross-regional comparison, where Indigenous leadership emerges as an overlooked but central mechanism for sustaining sustainability.