This chapter examines the roots, evolution, and contemporary meanings of anti-Westernism in Turkish public opinion, using both historical analysis and publicly accessible polling trends. While negative views of the West have long existed in Turkey, they have become more prominent and politically salient in recent decades. The chapter argues that anti-Westernism is not a singular or stable ideology, but a flexible repertoire of sentiments that can be activated, muted, or reconfigured depending on domestic political needs, wider geopolitical pressures, and shifting media environments. Historically rooted in late Ottoman encounters with European powers and early Republican anxieties about dependency and recognition, anti-Western attitudes have been reshaped by post-Cold War uncertainties, unmet expectations surrounding European integration, regional conflicts, and moments of acute national crisis. Drawing on recent survey patterns, the chapter traces how mistrust toward Western governments and institutions varies across demographics and correlates strongly with partisanship, nationalism, religiosity, and periods of external confrontation. The analysis identifies a central paradox: widespread scepticism toward Western actors coexists with continued societal interest in Western education, trade, mobility, and cultural engagement. The chapter concludes that anti-Westernism serves as a powerful discursive and political resource—mobilized to reinforce national cohesion, legitimize policy direction, and deflect responsibility—yet it operates in tension with Turkey’s ongoing structural ties to Western economies, alliances, and institutions.