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This article investigates the performance of Quadruple Code Index Modulation (QCIM) over slow time-varying channels with spatially correlated antennas, targeting advanced 6G cellular communication scenarios. A detailed system model is developed by incorporating spatial correlation at both the transmitter and receiver along with temporal fading dynamics. The bit error rate (BER) performance is evaluated under various correlation levels to analyze the impact of antenna correlation on QCIM reliability. Simulation results reveal a counter-intuitive yet significant finding: spatial correlation, which traditionally reduces diversity in MIMO systems, provides consistent coding gain in QCIM. In particular, highly correlated antenna environments achieve up to a 2–3 dB SNR advantage at a BER of \(10^{-2}\) compared to uncorrelated cases, validating that QCIM effectively leverages structured channel responses to improve index detection accuracy. The innovative outcome of this work is the demonstration that antenna correlation, instead of being a limitation, can be exploited as a beneficial feature in index modulation schemes. This makes QCIM inherently robust in compact array deployments and line-of-sight dominated channels where spatial correlation is unavoidable. Such robustness offers practical value for 6G use cases, including ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and spectrum-efficient Internet of Things (IoT) applications. By turning correlation into a performance-enhancing factor, QCIM emerges as a promising candidate for next-generation wireless networks, enabling improved reliability and energy-efficient operation in future 6G systems.

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Performance Analysis of Quadruple Code Index Modulation (QCIM) with Spatially Correlated Antennas Under Slow Time Varying Channel for Advanced 6G Cellular Radio Communication

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Vishalkumar Mandaliya,
  • Harishkumar B. Chaudhari,
  • Hasit B. Mehta,
  • Sagarkumar Patel,
  • Dharmendra Chauhan,
  • Hardik Modi

摘要

This article investigates the performance of Quadruple Code Index Modulation (QCIM) over slow time-varying channels with spatially correlated antennas, targeting advanced 6G cellular communication scenarios. A detailed system model is developed by incorporating spatial correlation at both the transmitter and receiver along with temporal fading dynamics. The bit error rate (BER) performance is evaluated under various correlation levels to analyze the impact of antenna correlation on QCIM reliability. Simulation results reveal a counter-intuitive yet significant finding: spatial correlation, which traditionally reduces diversity in MIMO systems, provides consistent coding gain in QCIM. In particular, highly correlated antenna environments achieve up to a 2–3 dB SNR advantage at a BER of \(10^{-2}\) compared to uncorrelated cases, validating that QCIM effectively leverages structured channel responses to improve index detection accuracy. The innovative outcome of this work is the demonstration that antenna correlation, instead of being a limitation, can be exploited as a beneficial feature in index modulation schemes. This makes QCIM inherently robust in compact array deployments and line-of-sight dominated channels where spatial correlation is unavoidable. Such robustness offers practical value for 6G use cases, including ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and spectrum-efficient Internet of Things (IoT) applications. By turning correlation into a performance-enhancing factor, QCIM emerges as a promising candidate for next-generation wireless networks, enabling improved reliability and energy-efficient operation in future 6G systems.