In recent decades, maritime transport has played a pivotal role in global trade, accounting for the movement of over 80% of goods and serving as a fundamental driver of globalisation. Nevertheless, the sector is responsible for approximately 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions, having experienced a 20% increase between 2012 and 2023. To address this impact, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) is set to launch the IMO Net-Zero Framework in 2028, which will impose emission caps on vessels exceeding 5000 GT and apply fees in cases of non-compliance. The initiative also foresees the establishment of a Net-Zero Fund to support the development of clean technologies and to provide assistance to developing countries. However, the framework has faced criticism regarding its design: certain emission levels will not be penalised, while sanctions are being introduced ahead of incentives, in a context where technological alternatives remain limited. Its effectiveness will ultimately depend on the viability of sustainable solutions and the financial resources allocated to support the transition.