Because of the importance of the kidney in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, kidney disease adversely affects the bones. Patients with chronic renal insufficiency and patients on long-term dialysis develop complicated bone disorders, also known as renal osteodystrophy (ROD) or renal bone disease, often accompanied by severe bone pain, multiple fractures and extraosseous calcifications, all of which considerably reduce the patient’s quality of life. The new term chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorders (CKD-MBD) describes a syndrome associated with chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) in which disorders of mineral metabolism and renal osteodystrophy are contributors to the mortality observed in CKD.