Bone loss in the oral cavity occurs due to many conditions, which may be grouped into diseases of bacterial aetiology and oral bone loss associated with systemic disease (e.g. osteoporosis). Periodontitis (parodontitis, paradontosis) is an inflammation of the tissues (the gums) surrounding the teeth, which leads to resorption of the alveolar bone and can progress to abscess formation with loosening and shedding of teeth. Inflammation of the gums with loosening of the teeth is a clear indication of an immediate DXA, dental investigation and appropriate treatment.